kasan: Add documentation for CONFIG_KASAN_EXTRA_INFO

This patch adds CONFIG_KASAN_EXTRA_INFO introduction information to
KASAN documentation.

Signed-off-by: Juntong Deng <juntong.deng@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/AM6PR03MB5848C52B871DA67455F0B2F2994D2@AM6PR03MB5848.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com


Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>