io_uring/uring_cmd: switch to always allocating async data

Basic conversion ensuring async_data is allocated off the prep path. Adds
a basic alloc cache as well, as passthrough IO can be quite high in rate.

Tested-by: Anuj Gupta <anuj20.g@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Anuj Gupta <anuj20.g@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>